Several animal products recorded self-sufficiency rate exceeding 100%: GASTAT
Saudi Arabia witnessed an improvement in self-sufficiency levels and the availability of several basic food commodities for consumers in the Kingdom during 2024, compared with 2023, according to the food security statistics issued by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT). 
According to the data, a number of animal products recorded self-sufficiency ratios exceeding 100%. The most notable improvement was in fish products, where the self-sufficiency ratio rose from 48% to 52% in 2024. All animal products recorded an increase in self-sufficiency during 2024.
Self-sufficiency is measured by comparing total domestic production plus imports of food products against total domestic consumption.
Self-Sufficiency Ratio for Key Animal Products in 2024
Product
2023
2024
Shrimps
147%
149%
Dairy products
129%
131%
Table eggs
100%
103%
Poultry meat
71%
72%
Red meat
61%
62%
Saudi Fisheries
48%
52%
The data also showed that several agricultural crops exceeded 100% self-sufficiency, while some crops recorded higher self-sufficiency levels in 2024 compared with 2023.
On the other hand, self-sufficiency declined for crops such as peppers, falling from 83% to 78%, and melon, which dropped from 80% to 66%. Meanwhile, self-sufficiency levels remained stable for carrots at 60%, watermelon at 98%, and pumpkin at 94%, as shown in the table below:
Self-Sufficiency Ratio for Vegetables in 2024
Crop
2023
2024
Eggplant
107%
105%
Okra
106%
102%
Cucumber
102%
101%
Zucchini
100%
100%
Watermelon
98%
98%
Pumpkin
95%
94%
Potatoes
87%
93%
Peppers
83%
78%
Tomatoes
76%
83%
Onion
51%
72%
Melon
80%
66%
Carrot
60%
60%
Fruit crops recorded mixed changes in self-sufficiency levels in 2024, with some exceeding full self-sufficiency, such as dates, as shown in the table below:
Self-Sufficiency Ratio for Fruits in 2024
Crop
2023
2024
Dates
119%
121%
Figs
107%
99%
Grapes
66%
65%
Mango
54%
55%
Peaches
49%
43%
Lemon
45%
46%
Pomegranates
35%
42%
Strawberries
21%
25%
Oranges
10%
8%
Banana
8%
7%
Apples
1%
1%
Per capita availability (available for consumption) of several animal products recorded mixed changes in 2024 compared with 2023, as poultry meat increased from 43.4 kg to 46.9 kg per year; red meat rose from 10.8 kg to 13.2 kg; fish increased from 8.8 kg to 9.4 kg, and honey rose from 0.6 kg to 0.7 kg
In contrast, table egg consumption declined from 246 eggs per year to 235 eggs, while milk consumption remained stable at a high level, reaching 70.3 liters per year, compared with 70.2 liters in 2023, as shown in the table below.
Per Capita Availability of Animal Products in 2024
Product
2023
2024
Milk (liters/year)
70.2
70.3
Poultry meat (kg/year)
43.4
46.9
Table eggs (eggs/year)
246.0
235.0
Red meat (kg/year)
10.8
13.2
Fish (kg/year)
8.8
9.4
Honey (kg/year)
0.6
0.7
According to the data, per capita availability of plant-based products showed varied changes in 2024 compared with 2023. In grains, per capita rice consumption increased from 45.8 kg to 52.1 kg, while sesame and millet recorded slight declines.
In vegetables, per capita consumption increased for onions (from 17.5 kg to 20.5 kg), cucumbers (from 4.9 kg to 5.2 kg), and green onions (from 2.0 kg to 8.0 kg). Meanwhile, per capita consumption declined for tomatoes, eggplant, carrots, and pumpkin.
In fruits, per capita consumption increased for bananas, oranges, and coffee beans, while it declined for dates, lemons, grapes, and peaches. Consumption of some other crops, such as figs and papaya, remained relatively low, as shown in the table below.
Per Capita Availability of Plant Products in 2024 (kg per year)
Product
2023
2024
Grains
Rice
45.8
52.1
Sesame
2.0
1.9
Millet
0.5
0.4
Vegetables
Tomatoes
22.3
19.6
Onion
17.5
20.5
Potatoes
16.1
15.6
Watermelon
13.3
12.9
Cucumber
4.9
5.2
Eggplant
3.2
2.3
Carrot
2.5
1.4
Sweet peppers
2.4
2.7
Melon
2.3
2.1
Pumpkin
2.2
0.9
Hot peppers
2.0
1.7
Green onions
2.0
8.0
Zucchini
1.8
1.8
Okra
0.8
0.5
Cauliflower
0.8
1.0
Cabbage
0.5
0.8
Beans
0.4
0.9
Fruits
Dates
38.6
35.8
Banana
11.3
12.3
Oranges
10.6
12.0
Lemons
7.8
6.4
Grapes
5.5
5.0
Mango
4.8
4.7
Pomegranates
3.0
2.5
Coffee beans
2.6
3.0
Peaches
2.1
1.4
Apricots
0.8
0.7
Figs
0.8
0.6
Papayas
0.1
0.2
Several animal products recorded self-sufficiency rate exceeding 100%: GASTAT
Saudi Arabia witnessed an improvement in self-sufficiency levels and the availability of several basic food commodities for consumers in the Kingdom during 2024, compared with 2023, according to the food security statistics issued by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT).
According to the data, a number of animal products recorded self-sufficiency ratios exceeding 100%. The most notable improvement was in fish products, where the self-sufficiency ratio rose from 48% to 52% in 2024. All animal products recorded an increase in self-sufficiency during 2024.
Self-sufficiency is measured by comparing total domestic production plus imports of food products against total domestic consumption.
Self-Sufficiency Ratio for Key Animal Products in 2024
Product
2023
2024
Shrimps
147%
149%
Dairy products
129%
131%
Table eggs
100%
103%
Poultry meat
71%
72%
Red meat
61%
62%
Saudi Fisheries
48%
52%
The data also showed that several agricultural crops exceeded 100% self-sufficiency, while some crops recorded higher self-sufficiency levels in 2024 compared with 2023.
On the other hand, self-sufficiency declined for crops such as peppers, falling from 83% to 78%, and melon, which dropped from 80% to 66%. Meanwhile, self-sufficiency levels remained stable for carrots at 60%, watermelon at 98%, and pumpkin at 94%, as shown in the table below:
Self-Sufficiency Ratio for Vegetables in 2024
Crop
2023
2024
Eggplant
107%
105%
Okra
106%
102%
Cucumber
102%
101%
Zucchini
100%
100%
Watermelon
98%
98%
Pumpkin
95%
94%
Potatoes
87%
93%
Peppers
83%
78%
Tomatoes
76%
83%
Onion
51%
72%
Melon
80%
66%
Carrot
60%
60%
Fruit crops recorded mixed changes in self-sufficiency levels in 2024, with some exceeding full self-sufficiency, such as dates, as shown in the table below:
Self-Sufficiency Ratio for Fruits in 2024
Crop
2023
2024
Dates
119%
121%
Figs
107%
99%
Grapes
66%
65%
Mango
54%
55%
Peaches
49%
43%
Lemon
45%
46%
Pomegranates
35%
42%
Strawberries
21%
25%
Oranges
10%
8%
Banana
8%
7%
Apples
1%
1%
Per capita availability (available for consumption) of several animal products recorded mixed changes in 2024 compared with 2023, as poultry meat increased from 43.4 kg to 46.9 kg per year; red meat rose from 10.8 kg to 13.2 kg; fish increased from 8.8 kg to 9.4 kg, and honey rose from 0.6 kg to 0.7 kg
In contrast, table egg consumption declined from 246 eggs per year to 235 eggs, while milk consumption remained stable at a high level, reaching 70.3 liters per year, compared with 70.2 liters in 2023, as shown in the table below.
Per Capita Availability of Animal Products in 2024
Product
2023
2024
Milk (liters/year)
70.2
70.3
Poultry meat (kg/year)
43.4
46.9
Table eggs (eggs/year)
246.0
235.0
Red meat (kg/year)
10.8
13.2
Fish (kg/year)
8.8
9.4
Honey (kg/year)
0.6
0.7
According to the data, per capita availability of plant-based products showed varied changes in 2024 compared with 2023. In grains, per capita rice consumption increased from 45.8 kg to 52.1 kg, while sesame and millet recorded slight declines.
In vegetables, per capita consumption increased for onions (from 17.5 kg to 20.5 kg), cucumbers (from 4.9 kg to 5.2 kg), and green onions (from 2.0 kg to 8.0 kg). Meanwhile, per capita consumption declined for tomatoes, eggplant, carrots, and pumpkin.
In fruits, per capita consumption increased for bananas, oranges, and coffee beans, while it declined for dates, lemons, grapes, and peaches. Consumption of some other crops, such as figs and papaya, remained relatively low, as shown in the table below.
Per Capita Availability of Plant Products in 2024 (kg per year)
Product
2023
2024
Grains
Rice
45.8
52.1
Sesame
2.0
1.9
Millet
0.5
0.4
Vegetables
Tomatoes
22.3
19.6
Onion
17.5
20.5
Potatoes
16.1
15.6
Watermelon
13.3
12.9
Cucumber
4.9
5.2
Eggplant
3.2
2.3
Carrot
2.5
1.4
Sweet peppers
2.4
2.7
Melon
2.3
2.1
Pumpkin
2.2
0.9
Hot peppers
2.0
1.7
Green onions
2.0
8.0
Zucchini
1.8
1.8
Okra
0.8
0.5
Cauliflower
0.8
1.0
Cabbage
0.5
0.8
Beans
0.4
0.9
Fruits
Dates
38.6
35.8
Banana
11.3
12.3
Oranges
10.6
12.0
Lemons
7.8
6.4
Grapes
5.5
5.0
Mango
4.8
4.7
Pomegranates
3.0
2.5
Coffee beans
2.6
3.0
Peaches
2.1
1.4
Apricots
0.8
0.7
Figs
0.8
0.6
Papayas
0.1
0.2
